西洋文學概論~上課筆記(week 13)

u  period (ex: USA literature)

    genre(literary type)ex: epic, tragedy

u  oral  epic           

     literary  epic  ex: Homer/The Iliad/ Odyssey/Virgil/The Aeneid

u  tragedy: one kind of drama

u  P780

    poetics

    mag-big

    magnificent(adj.)

    magnifying glass

    Pity& fear

u  Definition:

1.mimesis-

 Mimesis is a critical and philosophical term that carries a wide range of    meanings,which include imitation, representation, mimicry, imitatio,receptivity,  nonsensuous similarity, the act of resembling, the act of expression,and the  presentation of the self.

      2.fates: moira

        - In Greek mythology, the Moirai —often known in English as the Fates—were                        the white-robed incarnations of destiny.

      3.catharsis-

       - catharsis is the purification and purgation of emotions—especially pity and fear        — through art or any extreme change in emotion that results in renewal  and restoration. It is a metaphor originally used by Aristotle in the Poetics to describe the effects of tragedy on the spectator.

• Drama –Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action", which is derived from the verb meaning "to do" or "to act". The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production and a collective form of reception. 

•  Tragedy:-Tragedy is a form of drama based on human suffering that invokes in its audience an accompanying catharsis or pleasure in the viewing. While many cultures have developed forms that provoke this paradoxical response, the term tragedy often refers to a specific tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western civilization.

   Poetics 1.2題目做完

   Action à plot

   4. Hamartia

           -Hamartia is a word most famously used in Poetics, where it is usually                      translated as a mistake or error in judgment. In modern discussions of                    tragedy,hamartia has often been described as a hero's "tragic flaw." The word              hamartia is rooted in the notion of missing the mark and covers a broad                      spectrum that includes ignorant, mistaken, or accidental wrongdoing, as well as          deliberate iniquity, error, or sin.

Healer: Apollo

*Plot, Character, Language, thought , spectacle, melody*

error judgment

Oedipus’s hamartia is hubris.

Infamous

fam-good reputation

     5. Dramatic irony

        - This type of irony is the device of giving the spectator an item of information    that at least one of the characters in the narrative is unaware of (at least consciously),  thus placing the spectator a step ahead of at least one of the characters. Dramatic    irony has three stages—installation, exploitation, and resolution (often also called  preparation, suspension, and resolution) —producing dramatic conflict in what one  character relies or appears to rely upon, the contrary of which is known by observers  (especially the audience; sometimes to other characters within the drama) to be true.

Ex: In Oedipus the King, the audience knows that Oedipus himself is the murderer that he is seeking; Oedipus, Creon and Jocasta do not.